Which side effects are associated with inhaled nitric oxide?

Inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) is a selective pulmonary vasodilator primarily used in the treatment of respiratory failure and pulmonary hypertension. One of its known side effects is methemoglobinemia, which occurs when the iron in hemoglobin is oxidized to a ferric state, making it unable to bind oxygen effectively. As a result, this can lead to reduced oxygen delivery to tissues, potentially causing cyanosis and decreased oxygen saturation levels.

Methemoglobinemia is a concern with inhaled nitric oxide due to the formation of small amounts of nitric oxide-related compounds that can promote the oxidation of hemoglobin. Monitoring for this condition is essential when iNO is administered, especially at higher doses or with prolonged use.

While electrolyte imbalance, respiratory alkalosis, and hypertension are important considerations in various therapeutic contexts, they are not directly linked as common side effects of inhaled nitric oxide administration. Understanding methemoglobinemia helps clinicians recognize the risks involved with iNO and implement appropriate monitoring strategies to ensure patient safety.