Which of the following is commonly treated with diuretics and digitalis?

The commonly treated condition with diuretics and digitalis is pulmonary edema. This condition often arises from heart failure where fluid accumulates in the lungs, leading to difficulty in breathing and reduced gas exchange.

Diuretics are utilized to help reduce fluid overload by promoting the excretion of urine, effectively decreasing the volume of fluid in the lungs and alleviating symptoms associated with pulmonary congestion. Digitalis, on the other hand, increases the force of contraction of the heart muscle and slows down the heart rate, improving cardiac output and, in turn, helping to manage the symptoms of heart failure that often lead to pulmonary edema.

In contrast, pneumonia, atelectasis, and pleural effusion have different underlying causes and typically do not respond to treatment with diuretics and digitalis in the same way that pulmonary edema does. Pneumonia is primarily treated with antibiotics, atelectasis may involve re-expanding the lung through methods such as deep breathing or physiotherapy, and pleural effusion could require drainage or treatment of the underlying cause. Therefore, the specific application of diuretics and digitalis to pulmonary edema highlights its unique relationship with cardiac function and fluid balance.